简介:目的:通过对中国知网、万方数据库及Pubmed、WebofScience、GoogleScholar,CochraneLibrary核心数据库进行检索,关于国内外运动干预对肥胖患者血清瘦素干预(RCT)的文献研究。经筛选符合本文研究的文章共92篇,遴选干预试验数据346对进行类比研究。方法:通过meta-analysis计算每一对数据的效应值,利用数据标准差计算权重平均后得到其95%置信区间。当置信区间为0或大于0,说明运动干预对血清瘦素(leptin)的浓度无显著影响(p〉0.05),当小于0时,说明运动干预指标对人体血清瘦素的影响具有显著性差异(p〈0.05);即效应值绝对值越大,效果越明显;反之亦然。利用效应值的大小来探索不同运动干预条件下,肥胖患者血清瘦素的变化特征。结果:运动干预中,不同性别肥胖患者对运动干预方式的选择为"抗阻训练+有氧练习",其效应值最小,说明该运动干预方式对人体血清瘦素水平降低效果显著(p〈0.01)。在干预各个指标计算中发现,不同性别25~40岁年龄段干预的效应值最大,因而运动干预后的血清瘦素水平降低水平不明显。男性在锻炼周期为12周,锻炼强度在80%~90%VO_2MAX,锻炼频率每周4次,锻炼时间在60min每次,相对同类各指标效应值最小,说明以上干预指标的选择对肥胖患者血清瘦素水平降低显著(p〈0.01)。
简介:Background:Cognitiveimpairmentisprevalentamongolderadultsandresultsindegradedqualityoflifeforolderadults.Asthepopulationages,thismaycauseahugeburdentosociety.Researchhasdemonstratedthatphysicalexerciseisbeneficialtocognitivefunction.Thepurposeofthismeta-analysiswastocriticallyassesstheeffectofTaiChiexerciseonglobalcognitive,executive,andmemoryfunctionsinolderadults.Methods:Afterathoroughelectronicsearchandselection,eightstudieswereincludedinthismeta-analysiswithtwocross-sectionalandsixinterventionstudies.Ninevariablesincludedinthismeta-analysiswere:minimentalstatusexamination(MMSE),Alzheimer’sdiseaseassessmentscale-cognitivesubscale(ADAS-cog),trailmakingtestpartA(TMA),trailmakingtestpartB(TMB),digitspantestforward(DSF),digitspantestbackward(DSB),visualspantestbackward(VSB),verbalfluencytest(VFT),andworddelayrecalltest(WDR).Theeffectsizesandforestplotsoftheseninevariablesweregenerated.Results:Four(MMSE,DSB,VSB,andVFT)outofninevariablesweresignificantlyimprovedafterTaiChiexercisewiththeeffectsizesrangedfrom0.20to0.46(smalltomedium).MMSErepresentedglobalcognitivefunction,andDSB,VSB,andVFTrepresentedmemoryfunction.Conclusion:TaiChiasamind-bodyexercisehasthepositiveeffectsonglobalcognitiveandmemoryfunctions,andmoreconsistentpositiveeffectswerefoundonmemoryfunction,especiallyverbalworkingmemory.
简介:Purpose:Tosummarizetheapproach-avoidanceachievementgoalandperformanceinthesportpsychologyliterature.Methods:Atotalof17publishedstudies,twoofwhichprovidedtwosamples,werelocated.Acceptedmeta-analyticprocedureswereusedwithHedgesgastheeffectsizemetric.Fromthe17studies,73effectsizeswerecalculated.Results:Resultsbasedonarandomeffectsmodelindicatedthattheperformancegoalcontrasthadthelargestfacilitativeimpactonperformancefollowedbythemasteryandperformanceapproachgoals.Bothoftheavoidancegoalsperformanceandmasteryhadsmallnon-significantanddetrimentaleffectsonperformance.Thehomogeneitystatisticsrevealedsignificantheterogeneityfortheapproachandavoidanceperformancegoals.Categoricalmoderatorvariableswereexaminedforstudysexcomposition(male,female,ormixed),meanageofsample(<18yearsor18years),studysetting(labornaturalistic),andnatureofperformancevariable(objectiveorsubjective).Conclusion:Theperformancegoalcontrastholdsvalueforsportperformanceresearch.Contrarytoapproach-avoidancepredictions,themastery-approachgoalandperformanceeffectsizewassignificantandofequalmagnitudeastheperformanceapproachgoalandperformanceeffectsize.Thus,futureresearchshouldcloselytesttheefficacyofboththemastery-andperformancecontrastsinimpactingperformanceofsporttasks.Last,thesignificanteffectsizesreportedinthisreviewareinstarkcontrasttocontemporarymeta-analyticfindingsineducation.Differencesintheapproach-avoidancegoalsinsportandeducationrelativetoperformanceshouldberesearchedfurther.
简介:Purpose:Thepurposeofthisstudywastoexamine,usingmeta-analyticmeasures,theevidenceregardingtheoptimalexerciseintensityatwhichimprovementsinspeedofcognitivefunctionaretriggered.Specifically,itwashypothesizedthatthecatecholamine,lactate,andventilatorythresholdsisthepointatwhichsignificantimprovementsinspeedofcognitivefunctionareobserved.Methods:Wecomparedmeaneffectsizesforthresholdstudiesandforthosestudieswhereexerciseintensitywasclassedasmoderate(40%e79%VO2maxorequivalent)butinwhichthethresholdswerenotmeasured.Results:Randomeffectsmeta-analysisshowedsignificant,moderate,meaneffectsizesforstudiesatthethreshold(g=0.58,Z=2.98,p<0.003)andforthoseduringmoderateintensityexercisebutinwhichthethresholdwasnotmeasured(g=0.54,Z=5.01,p<0.001).Therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenmeaneffectsizes,whichsuggeststhatthethresholdsareunlikelytorepresentatriggerpoint.Conclusion:Moderateintensityexercise,evenbelowthethresholds,caninduceimprovedspeedofcognition,possiblyduetoacombinationofincreasedperipheralcatecholamineconcentrationsinducingvagal/nucleustractussolitariipathwayactivationandcentralincreasesduetoperceptionsofstress.
简介:目的:采用Meta分析的方法探讨血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性与中国运动员运动能力的关联性。方法:系统地检索PubMed、EMbase、CNKI、CBM、VIP、WanFangdata中有关ACEI/D基因多态性与中国运动员运动能力关联性的病例—对照研究,检索时间均为建库至2015年8月1日。由2位研究者按纳入和排除标准独立筛选文献、提取数据,采用Stata12.0软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入15个病例—对照研究(含17个比较)。Meta分析结果显示,ACEI/D基因多态性与中国运动员运动能力的关联性在所有基因模型比较中均无统计学意义。根据不同运动类型进行亚组分析显示,ACEDD基因型及D等位基因与力量型、耐力型运动能力的关联性有统计学意义,与游泳类无统计学意义。敏感性分析结果表明结果稳定性较好,漏斗图结果显示各基因模型比较均不存在发表偏倚。结论:ACEDD基因型和D等位基因与中国力量型运动员运动能力呈正相关,与耐力型运动能力呈负相关,与游泳类运动能力不相关。
简介:Purpose:ThepurposeofthisquantitativereviewwastosummarizethestateofElliot’sHierarchicalModelofApproachandAvoidanceMotivation,specificallytheantecedentsofthe2×2achievementgoalsinthesport,physicalactivity,andphysicaleducationliterature.Inaddition,theintercorrelationsamongstthe2×2goalswerealsoexamined.Methods:Asystematicreviewoftheliteraturewasconducted.Meta-analyticprocedureswereusedwiththemeanweightedsamplecorrelation(rw)astheeffectsizemetric.TheantecedentswerecodedbyElliot’s(1999)antecedentcategories.Anumberofmoderatorswerecodedapriori.Results:Basedonafixedeffectsmodelfrom47publishedstudies(totaluniquen=15,413)thatmetinclusioncriteria,the2×2achievementgoalsweresignificantlycorrelatedamongsteachotherrangingfromsmalltomediumtolargeinmeaningfulness.Concerningtheantecedents,overalltheyweretheoreticallycorrectinassociations,butonlyafewoftherelationshipsweremediuminmeaningfulness.Mostrelationshipsweresmallinmeaningfulness.Heterogeneitywaspresentfortheinterrcorrelationandantecedentanalyses.Conclusion:FutureresearchisencouragedtogrowandenrichtheunderstandingofachievementgoalswithinElliot’scompleteHierarchicalModelofApproachandAvoidanceMotivationtoincludebothantecedentsandoutcomessimultaneouslytoimproveupontheunderstandingofachievementmotivationinsport,exercise,andphysicalactivitysettings.
简介:目的:使用运动员定值新鲜血建立常规血细胞分析仪和血生化分析仪的辅助校准方法。方法:根据比较实验的不同,总计采集213例(男155,女58)健将级及以上级别男、女运动员静脉血,取抗凝新鲜全血和混合血清。1)采血2h内以参加全国室间质评工作的DIFF2血细胞分析仪作为参考仪器,给运动员抗凝新鲜全血定值,用新鲜抗凝全血辅助校准GEN.S血细胞分析仪,并通过重复性检验、偏差检验和离群值检验与参考仪器比对WBC、RBC、HGB、HCT、PLT等5个血细胞参数;2)取血4h内以参加全国室间质评工作的7020生化分析仪作为参比仪器,把7020生化分析仪校准品的量值传递给1份混合运动员血清(由10份运动员新鲜血清等量混合而成),用新鲜混合血清辅助校准MD-100生化分析仪,并通过重复性检验、偏差检验和线性范围检验与参比仪器比较血清BUN、CK参数。结果:1)使用定值的新鲜抗凝全血辅助校准GEN.S血细胞分析仪后,重复性比对实验的5个血细胞参数的CV%值分别为1.4、0.6、0.4、0.6、2.3,符合测试精密度范围要求;偏差比对实验的5个血细胞参数的偏倚值(靶值±%)分别为-0.4、-0.5、1.8、-0.7、-4.1(男)和1.3、-0.8、1.5、-0.8、-4.2(女),远小于血细胞分析仪的最大允许误差范围;离群值比对实验显示,5个血细胞参数的异常高值离群值和异常低值离群值与参考仪器相比,没有出现显著差异(P〉0.01)和偏离正态分布;2)使用定值的新鲜混合血清辅助校准MD-100血生化分析仪后,重复性比对实验的血清BUN、CK参数的CV%值分别为0.92、1.22,符合测试精密度范围要求;偏差比对实验的血清BUN参数的偏倚值(靶值±%)为0.2,血清CK参数的偏倚值(靶值±%)为0.9(男)、3.5(女),远小于血生化分析仪的最大允许误差范围;线性范围比对实验显示,与参考仪器比较,血清CK高值的非线性拐点在1000U/L�