简介:目的:通过对中国知网、万方数据库及Pubmed、WebofScience、GoogleScholar,CochraneLibrary核心数据库进行检索,关于国内外运动干预对肥胖患者血清瘦素干预(RCT)的文献研究。经筛选符合本文研究的文章共92篇,遴选干预试验数据346对进行类比研究。方法:通过meta-analysis计算每一对数据的效应值,利用数据标准差计算权重平均后得到其95%置信区间。当置信区间为0或大于0,说明运动干预对血清瘦素(leptin)的浓度无显著影响(p〉0.05),当小于0时,说明运动干预指标对人体血清瘦素的影响具有显著性差异(p〈0.05);即效应值绝对值越大,效果越明显;反之亦然。利用效应值的大小来探索不同运动干预条件下,肥胖患者血清瘦素的变化特征。结果:运动干预中,不同性别肥胖患者对运动干预方式的选择为"抗阻训练+有氧练习",其效应值最小,说明该运动干预方式对人体血清瘦素水平降低效果显著(p〈0.01)。在干预各个指标计算中发现,不同性别25~40岁年龄段干预的效应值最大,因而运动干预后的血清瘦素水平降低水平不明显。男性在锻炼周期为12周,锻炼强度在80%~90%VO_2MAX,锻炼频率每周4次,锻炼时间在60min每次,相对同类各指标效应值最小,说明以上干预指标的选择对肥胖患者血清瘦素水平降低显著(p〈0.01)。
简介:Background:Cognitiveimpairmentisprevalentamongolderadultsandresultsindegradedqualityoflifeforolderadults.Asthepopulationages,thismaycauseahugeburdentosociety.Researchhasdemonstratedthatphysicalexerciseisbeneficialtocognitivefunction.Thepurposeofthismeta-analysiswastocriticallyassesstheeffectofTaiChiexerciseonglobalcognitive,executive,andmemoryfunctionsinolderadults.Methods:Afterathoroughelectronicsearchandselection,eightstudieswereincludedinthismeta-analysiswithtwocross-sectionalandsixinterventionstudies.Ninevariablesincludedinthismeta-analysiswere:minimentalstatusexamination(MMSE),Alzheimer’sdiseaseassessmentscale-cognitivesubscale(ADAS-cog),trailmakingtestpartA(TMA),trailmakingtestpartB(TMB),digitspantestforward(DSF),digitspantestbackward(DSB),visualspantestbackward(VSB),verbalfluencytest(VFT),andworddelayrecalltest(WDR).Theeffectsizesandforestplotsoftheseninevariablesweregenerated.Results:Four(MMSE,DSB,VSB,andVFT)outofninevariablesweresignificantlyimprovedafterTaiChiexercisewiththeeffectsizesrangedfrom0.20to0.46(smalltomedium).MMSErepresentedglobalcognitivefunction,andDSB,VSB,andVFTrepresentedmemoryfunction.Conclusion:TaiChiasamind-bodyexercisehasthepositiveeffectsonglobalcognitiveandmemoryfunctions,andmoreconsistentpositiveeffectswerefoundonmemoryfunction,especiallyverbalworkingmemory.
简介:Purpose:Tosummarizetheapproach-avoidanceachievementgoalandperformanceinthesportpsychologyliterature.Methods:Atotalof17publishedstudies,twoofwhichprovidedtwosamples,werelocated.Acceptedmeta-analyticprocedureswereusedwithHedgesgastheeffectsizemetric.Fromthe17studies,73effectsizeswerecalculated.Results:Resultsbasedonarandomeffectsmodelindicatedthattheperformancegoalcontrasthadthelargestfacilitativeimpactonperformancefollowedbythemasteryandperformanceapproachgoals.Bothoftheavoidancegoalsperformanceandmasteryhadsmallnon-significantanddetrimentaleffectsonperformance.Thehomogeneitystatisticsrevealedsignificantheterogeneityfortheapproachandavoidanceperformancegoals.Categoricalmoderatorvariableswereexaminedforstudysexcomposition(male,female,ormixed),meanageofsample(<18yearsor18years),studysetting(labornaturalistic),andnatureofperformancevariable(objectiveorsubjective).Conclusion:Theperformancegoalcontrastholdsvalueforsportperformanceresearch.Contrarytoapproach-avoidancepredictions,themastery-approachgoalandperformanceeffectsizewassignificantandofequalmagnitudeastheperformanceapproachgoalandperformanceeffectsize.Thus,futureresearchshouldcloselytesttheefficacyofboththemastery-andperformancecontrastsinimpactingperformanceofsporttasks.Last,thesignificanteffectsizesreportedinthisreviewareinstarkcontrasttocontemporarymeta-analyticfindingsineducation.Differencesintheapproach-avoidancegoalsinsportandeducationrelativetoperformanceshouldberesearchedfurther.
简介:Purpose:Thepurposeofthisstudywastoexamine,usingmeta-analyticmeasures,theevidenceregardingtheoptimalexerciseintensityatwhichimprovementsinspeedofcognitivefunctionaretriggered.Specifically,itwashypothesizedthatthecatecholamine,lactate,andventilatorythresholdsisthepointatwhichsignificantimprovementsinspeedofcognitivefunctionareobserved.Methods:Wecomparedmeaneffectsizesforthresholdstudiesandforthosestudieswhereexerciseintensitywasclassedasmoderate(40%e79%VO2maxorequivalent)butinwhichthethresholdswerenotmeasured.Results:Randomeffectsmeta-analysisshowedsignificant,moderate,meaneffectsizesforstudiesatthethreshold(g=0.58,Z=2.98,p<0.003)andforthoseduringmoderateintensityexercisebutinwhichthethresholdwasnotmeasured(g=0.54,Z=5.01,p<0.001).Therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenmeaneffectsizes,whichsuggeststhatthethresholdsareunlikelytorepresentatriggerpoint.Conclusion:Moderateintensityexercise,evenbelowthethresholds,caninduceimprovedspeedofcognition,possiblyduetoacombinationofincreasedperipheralcatecholamineconcentrationsinducingvagal/nucleustractussolitariipathwayactivationandcentralincreasesduetoperceptionsofstress.
简介:目的:采用Meta分析的方法探讨血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性与中国运动员运动能力的关联性。方法:系统地检索PubMed、EMbase、CNKI、CBM、VIP、WanFangdata中有关ACEI/D基因多态性与中国运动员运动能力关联性的病例—对照研究,检索时间均为建库至2015年8月1日。由2位研究者按纳入和排除标准独立筛选文献、提取数据,采用Stata12.0软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入15个病例—对照研究(含17个比较)。Meta分析结果显示,ACEI/D基因多态性与中国运动员运动能力的关联性在所有基因模型比较中均无统计学意义。根据不同运动类型进行亚组分析显示,ACEDD基因型及D等位基因与力量型、耐力型运动能力的关联性有统计学意义,与游泳类无统计学意义。敏感性分析结果表明结果稳定性较好,漏斗图结果显示各基因模型比较均不存在发表偏倚。结论:ACEDD基因型和D等位基因与中国力量型运动员运动能力呈正相关,与耐力型运动能力呈负相关,与游泳类运动能力不相关。
简介:Purpose:ThepurposeofthisquantitativereviewwastosummarizethestateofElliot’sHierarchicalModelofApproachandAvoidanceMotivation,specificallytheantecedentsofthe2×2achievementgoalsinthesport,physicalactivity,andphysicaleducationliterature.Inaddition,theintercorrelationsamongstthe2×2goalswerealsoexamined.Methods:Asystematicreviewoftheliteraturewasconducted.Meta-analyticprocedureswereusedwiththemeanweightedsamplecorrelation(rw)astheeffectsizemetric.TheantecedentswerecodedbyElliot’s(1999)antecedentcategories.Anumberofmoderatorswerecodedapriori.Results:Basedonafixedeffectsmodelfrom47publishedstudies(totaluniquen=15,413)thatmetinclusioncriteria,the2×2achievementgoalsweresignificantlycorrelatedamongsteachotherrangingfromsmalltomediumtolargeinmeaningfulness.Concerningtheantecedents,overalltheyweretheoreticallycorrectinassociations,butonlyafewoftherelationshipsweremediuminmeaningfulness.Mostrelationshipsweresmallinmeaningfulness.Heterogeneitywaspresentfortheinterrcorrelationandantecedentanalyses.Conclusion:FutureresearchisencouragedtogrowandenrichtheunderstandingofachievementgoalswithinElliot’scompleteHierarchicalModelofApproachandAvoidanceMotivationtoincludebothantecedentsandoutcomessimultaneouslytoimproveupontheunderstandingofachievementmotivationinsport,exercise,andphysicalactivitysettings.