简介:Theaimofthisexpositionistoprovideadetaileddescriptionoftheuseofcombinatorialalgebrainquantumfieldtheoryintheplanarsetting.ParticularemphasisisplacedontherelationsbetweendifferenttypesofplanarGreen'sfunctions.TheprimaryobjectisaHopfalgebrathatisnaturallydefinedonvariablesrepresentingnon-commutingsources,andwhosecoproductsplitsintotwohalf-coproducts.Thelattergiverisetothenotionofanunshuffiebialgebra.ThissettingallowsadescriptionoftherelationbetweenfullandconnectedplanarGreen'sfunctionstobegivenbysolvingasimplelinearfixedpointequation.Wealsoincludeabriefoutlineoftheconsequencesofourapproachintheframeworkofordinaryquantumfieldtheory.
简介:Accordingtotherelevanthistoricaldocuments,GuruChosdbangisacontroversialfigure.HeisconsideredoneofthefiveprominentgTer-ston(treasurediscoverers)inseveralchroniclesofNyingmatradition,however,BustonRinchengrubclaimsinhiscommentsonmantrapracticeinTibetthatGuruChosdbangofferedpervertedteachingsandfabricatedfalsetreasures.Thisisatopicofextremeinterestingtomanyresearchers,andthereareseveralofworksofEnglishscholarshipincludingJanetGyatso'sworkonGuruChosdbang'sautobiographyanalyzingitsnarrativemethods.Thereisstillmoreremainingtofigureout.
简介:摘要本文主要是通过对导数在函数解题中的应用加以归纳、探讨和总结,提高学生对导数的应用的认识,加强学生对导数的概念的理解,加深学生对函数知识及函数有关题型的认识。
简介:摘要数学是自然科学,并且同人们的日常生活紧密联系。在知识经济全球化的过程中,数学学科的作用逐渐突显出来。在初中数学的教学过程中,可以有机结合方程函数的思想,这样不仅可以使学生更加灵活地运用方程函数思想,同时还能够把较为复杂的数学问题转化成简单易算的数学问题,不断提高学生数学学习的兴趣,使其创新思维得到提升。